Max Trescott welcomes aviation columnist, aerobatic instructor, and DPE Dr. Catherine Cavagnaro to explore smarter ways to plan cross-country flights. The conversation is inspired by Catherine’s June 2025 AOPA article titled “The Benefits of Getting High,” which argues that pilots often default to lower cruising altitudes or direct GPS routes without considering efficiency or safety trade-offs.Catherine explains that pilots should dig into their aircraft’s POH (Pilot’s Operating Handbook) to find performance charts that highlight how altitude affects both time and fuel efficiency. For her Bonanza, she found that the highest true airspeed at 65% power occurred around 7,000 to 8,000 feet, but fuel efficiency kept improving all the way up to the service ceiling. Using a sample 650-NM trip, she shows that cruising at 12,000 feet—despite a longer climb—saved enough fuel to eliminate a fuel stop, making the total trip time shorter.
They discuss how terrain, restricted airspace, and drop zones make GPS direct routing risky or impractical, especially across mountain ranges. Catherine shares how Victor airways, often dismissed as outdated, still provide safer terrain routing and proximity to emergency airports.
Max adds real-world examples, including dangerous direct flights through the Sierra Nevada that ended in CFIT accidents. He outlines three major cross-country paths—northern, central (I-80 corridor), and southern—each with their own altitude and weather considerations. The two agree that pilots often forget how minor route deviations can vastly improve safety with negligible time penalties. Catherine uses a mathematical analogy involving railroad tracks expanding in the sun to illustrate how small vertical detours can stem from large lateral gains.
They also dive into the importance of using supplemental oxygen—not just at legally required altitudes but even as low as 9,000 feet. Catherine explains how oxygen concentrators work, how they eliminate the need for tank refills, and how much better she feels after using them on long flights. Max echoes the sentiment, comparing it to the dramatic improvement that came with noise-canceling headsets. Together, they underscore how improved oxygenation can enhance alertness, decision-making, and post-flight fatigue levels.
When it comes to safety, Catherine highlights the “5 Fs” checklist she uses for personal go/no-go decisions, emphasizing that fatigue is the hardest one to self-assess. She emphasizes building “outs” into every flight plan, from not booking hotels in advance to carrying backup airline tickets in case weather or fatigue prevent safe continuation. Max shares a similar experience of aborting a leg from Reno when he realized how exhausted he was just after takeoff.
They also cover inflight considerations like maneuvering speed and turbulence. Catherine explains that because true airspeed rises with altitude while calibrated airspeed (which affects structural stress) stays lower, flying higher can reduce aircraft stress during turbulence—provided pilots understand how those values relate.
Finally, they joke about snacks in the cockpit—Catherine once flew past the Grand Canyon while munching a chocolate croissant from a bread-baking class. The lighthearted close reinforces the theme: safe flying is not just about skill, but about preparation, flexibility, and a little indulgence to make the journey enjoyable.
For any pilot planning a summer trip—or just wanting to sharpen their cross-country thinking—this episode is a goldmine of practical tips, insightful math, and hard-won wisdom.
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