Max – Page 11 – Aviation News Talk

320 The Secret to Making Better Landings with Data – Chuck Cali + GA News

There are three secrets to making great landings. Unfortunately, nobody knows what they are. That’s an old joke but fortunately, there is a proven way to make better landings, and that’s by collecting data on your landings. Host Max Trescott talks with Chuck Cali about how you can collect data for your landings and compare it with other pilots. The techniques apply to anyone flying a modern glass cockpit, such as the G1000. Chuck has analyzed 40,000 Cirrus landings and concluded that pilots could be doing a better job, especially during the flare and touchdown.

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319 Hot Springs Jet Crash, United FL 2477 Houston Overrun, Fuel Related Accidents + GA News

In this episode, Max discusses the crash of N1125A, a 1991 ASTRA/GULFSTREAM 1125 SP business jet at Ingalls Field Airport in Hot Springs, Virgina. It was the third fatal business jet crash in the U.S. in just five weeks. Five people on board were killed. The aircraft had been purchased just 3 ½ months early. ADS-B data shows it had a normal approach on the ILS down to about 1000 feet AGL, where the data stopped. Strong winds prevailed, and it’s likely that there were strong downdrafts on short final, which may have brought the jet down.

Several airline pilots send feedback about the United flight 2477 taxiway overrun at Houston. They also talked about the FOQA programs which would have provided automatic reporting, if this approach to landing met the airline’s criteria for an automatic go around. Max also reads listener emails related to the ten fuel-related accidents discussed last week.

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Astra Jet N1125A accident ADS-B Data
Fear of Landing Blog
NTBS Final report: N90559 Stall/Spin/Spiral Accident
Airline Speedrunning Tweet
AC 120-82 Flight Operational Quality Assurance
Rob Mark’s JetWhine blog
Rob Mark’s video: Flying the A380
Coleal 2009 Legal Interpretation

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318 Recent Fuel Exhaustion and Fuel Starvation Accidents + GA News

In this episode, Max discusses the critical issue of fuel-related accidents in aviation, highlighting various incidents and discussing preventive measures. He summarizes ten recent NTSB reports, showing that fuel starvation and exhaustion accidents are more likely in older aircraft. Despite advancements in modern aircraft with low fuel warning systems, older models lack these safety features, making them more susceptible to such accidents.

The episode stresses that fuel-related accidents are not exclusive to low-time pilots, as even experienced ATP-rated pilots can be affected, especially when transitioning to new aircraft models. Accidents are often attributed to inadequate fuel planning and improper in-flight decisions.

Two main categories of fuel-related accidents are discussed: fuel exhaustion and fuel starvation. Fuel exhaustion occurs when no usable fuel remains onboard due to poor decision-making or leaving fuel caps off, while fuel starvation happens when fuel is not reaching the engine due to various factors such as incorrect fuel tank selection or mechanical failures.

These real-world examples underscore the need for thorough preflight planning, careful fuel management, and awareness of aircraft systems to prevent such accidents. The episode also offers practical advice for pilots flying older aircraft to minimize the risk of fuel-related accidents. It advocates for the installation of fuel totalizers, which provide accurate real-time fuel readings and are more reliable than traditional fuel gauges. Regular updates of fuel totalizers after refueling are essential for accurate fuel monitoring.

Drawing from personal experience, Max highlights the effectiveness of fuel totalizers in providing precise fuel readings, significantly reducing uncertainty compared to conventional fuel gauges.

In conclusion, the podcast emphasizes the significance of proactive measures in mitigating fuel-related accidents in aviation. By prioritizing thorough preflight planning, awareness of aircraft systems, and leveraging advanced technologies like fuel totalizers, pilots can enhance safety and minimize the risk of fuel-related incidents, ultimately ensuring a safer flying experience for all.

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United FL2477 ADS-B Data on Flightradar24

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317 Naples Challenger Jet Update & 1994 Challenger Dual Flameout + GA News

In this episode, Max discusses two Challenger jet crashes involving dual engine failures: one in Naples, FL, in February 2024 and another in Nebraska in 1994. The incidents share some similarities.

In the Naples crash, both engines experienced oil pressure warnings within seconds of each other before failing simultaneously. The preliminary report indicates the left landing gear touched down first, followed by the right, before the plane skidded into a concrete barrier. The cabin attendant facilitated passengers’ safe evacuation through the tail compartment. The pilots, highly experienced, had a combined flight time of over 35,000 hours. The aircraft, with GE CF34 Series turbofan engines, underwent recent airworthiness inspections and was fuel-soaked post-crash, ruling out fuel exhaustion.

Further examination revealed thermal damage to engine components but no clear cause for the simultaneous engine failures. Discussion with an Challenger jet pilot who listens to the show recalled a similar incident involving a Challenger aircraft that also had a dual engine flameout in 1994.

That crash occurred during a positioning flight after passenger drop-off, after experiencing a dual engine flameout between FL370 and FL410. The aircraft sustained substantial damage during a forced landing at night in an alfalfa field.

Analysis revealed water contamination in the fuel, leading to the engines’ failure. Both engines were sent for examination, showing consistent findings with fuel samples. The NTSB attributed the crash to inadequate planning, decision-making, and preflight inspections following fuel contamination.

Comparing the two crashes, both had simultaneous dual engine failures occurring around two hours into flight, and both had a yellow liquid in the fuel. At this point, the cause of the Naples crash is still unknown, though Cockpit Voice Recorder and Flight Data Recorder analysis should provide new clues.

The episode underscores the importance of fuel contamination awareness, and the necessity for thorough preflight inspections and proper response to warning signs.

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NTSB Preliminary Report: Colorado Hawker Crash

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316 Flying a Cirrus SF50 Vision Jet with Max on a long Cross country trip + GA News

Host Max Trescott recounts his recent trip in the Vision Jet, a G1 version, with a Patreon supporter who is working towards his type rating. He also talks about the VNAV Direct vertical navigation feature that he rarely uses, but found helpful during the trip.

The journey involved flying from Oakland, California to Ann Arbor, Michigan and back, with several considerations such as runway lengths, weather patterns, and fuel efficiency. The decision to fly into Ypsilanti Airport instead of Ann Arbor Municipal Airport is made due to runway length and width concerns, as well as the desire for safer and more comfortable landing conditions.

The route planning involves optimizing for tailwinds and minimizing refueling stops. By analyzing weather patterns and selecting appropriate altitudes, they manage to reduce the trip to just two refueling stops instead of three, despite the longer route. They depart Oakland and encounter some weather challenges, including icing, which they manage safely. Utilizing various tools such as SiriusXM weather and Garmin G3000, they navigate through different altitudes and terrain, making adjustments to their flight plan as needed.

During the trip, they make stops at various airports, encountering different experiences such as efficient refueling processes at Mitchell, South Dakota, and challenges in verifying fuel availability at other airports. They also navigate through unforeseen weather changes, ensuring safety and efficiency throughout the trip.

The return trip involves rerouting due to weather forecasts, aiming to avoid strong headwinds. Max reflects on minor errors made during the journey, emphasizing the importance of staying alert and making quick adjustments when needed. Overall, the episode highlights the intricacies and considerations involved in planning and executing a long-distance flight in a Vision Jet, emphasizing safety, efficiency, and adaptability throughout the journey. Anyone interested in buying a Vision Jet or getting trained in one should contact Max directly.

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Eclipse jet lands with towbar attached
FAA Rotorcraft Collective YouTube Video Series

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315 Mastering Arrival Procedures: Common Issues and Best Practices for Instrument Pilots + GA News

Host Max Trescott delves into arrival procedures for instrument pilots, focusing on common issues and best practices. The host begins by emphasizing the importance of understanding and properly executing arrival procedures, which are often overlooked, especially for pilots not regularly flying into larger airports.

Arrival procedures, also known as Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STARs), facilitate the transition from enroute structure to the terminal area, streamlining air traffic flow and reducing congestion. These procedures guide pilots to specific fixes or navigational aids, ensuring a seamless lateral and vertical transition. While some STARs are requested via flight plans, controllers may assign them as needed.

The episode provides a detailed analysis of the Fernando 7 arrival at Van Nuys Airport, highlighting its unique characteristics and naming conventions. It explains how STARs typically consist of multiple parts, including branches, common waypoints, and splits leading to different runways. Understanding these components is crucial for pilots to navigate the arrival effectively.

Max also offers practical tips for pilots, such as properly loading arrival procedures into flight management systems (FMS), checking for discontinuities in flight plans, and adhering to published speed and altitude restrictions. It addresses common challenges, such as handling last-minute runway changes, interpreting ATC clearances, and ensuring accurate navigation between transitions and approaches.

He also emphasizes the importance of thorough pre-flight preparation, including studying STAR charts and anticipating potential deviations from assigned procedures. Pilots are reminded to communicate effectively with ATC regarding their capabilities and intentions, especially when unable to meet published restrictions.

Overall, the episode provides valuable insights and guidance for instrument pilots, helping them navigate arrival procedures with confidence and precision while minimizing errors and deviations.

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Update: Hawker Jet Stalled at FL200 near Grand Junction, CO
213 Why You Should Join a Type Club – Interview Catherine Cavagnaro

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314 Falcon Jet, N283SA Black Hole Crash in Georgia – with Rob Mark + GA News

Host Max Trescott discusses the fatal crash of a Falcon jet in Georgia with aviation expert Rob Mark. The NTSB final report revealed a series of factors contributing to the accident. These included misreading a NOTAM regarding the ILS glideslope, difficulty entering the initial approach fix into the navigation system, high and fast arrival at the final approach fix, unauthorized use of airbrakes. It’s also possible that they didn’t realize the ILS approach required flying a procedure turn. They were also flying a black hole approach in dark night conditions with minimal ground lights, but apparently weren’t referencing the PAPI visual indicator.

The captain, aged 73, had extensive flight experience but had undergone retraining due to unsatisfactory performance in certain areas. The first officer, aged 63, had a significant number of flight hours, but received only a Second in Command (SIC) type rating, because of performance issues.

The podcast delves into the transcript of communications between the flight crew and Atlanta Center, highlighting confusion regarding NOTAMs and the approach procedure. The crew, flying a cargo route from El Paso to Thomson, Georgia, requested information on the ILS approach, but there was a misunderstanding regarding the status of the glideslope and localizer. The approach required a procedure turn, which the crew seemingly missed, leading to an unstable approach.

There were delays in programming the initial approach fix (IAF) into the navigation system, possibly due to confusion over the fix’s identification. The crew ultimately crossed the IAF at an altitude significantly higher than prescribed, leading to a steep descent to intercept the glideslope.

Max created a software simulation of the final minutes of the flight that revealed a rapid descent rate and an unstable approach. Despite warnings from the captain about being high, attempts to correct the descent were ineffective, ultimately resulting in impact with trees just short of the runway. This was a classic black hole approach, in which there are few lights on the ground before the runway. A Boeing simulator study of a black hole approach showed that pilots consistently crash short of the runway, and so they must have either an electronic or visual glide slope. During this accident, the glide slope was out of service.

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#299 Flying Tips from a Military CFI for General Aviation
Google Podcasts is going away after March
Rob Mark’s JetWhine.com blog

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313 The Vmc demonstration and making multiengine training safer – Seth Lake + GA News

Max talks with Seth Lake about Vmc (Minimum Control Speed with the Critical Engine Inoperative) maneuvers, particularly focusing on their importance in multi-engine training. Seth also talks about the challenges and risks associated with VMC demonstrations and offers constructive suggestions for improving training practices in multi-engine aircraft.

Seth explains that Vmc is the minimum controllable airspeed of a multi-engine aircraft when the critical engine is inoperative, and the operative engine is at full power. The FAA mandates specific criteria for this maneuver, emphasizing the need for multi-engine pilots to understand how to control an aircraft during asymmetrical power events. VMC demonstrations are a crucial aspect of multi-engine training, requiring pilots to recover from a VMC condition during their practical tests.

The critical engine, which has the most adverse effect on the aircraft when inoperative, is typically determined by factors like P-factor, accelerated slipstream, spiraling slipstream, and torque. The interview delves into the intricacies of Vmc, including how manufacturers are allowed up to 150 pounds of rudder force for certification purposes, and highlights the challenges pilots face in maintaining control during a Vmc scenario.

Seth Lake describes an unscientific test he conducted using a force measurement tool in one of his aircraft, revealing the significant rudder forces required to hold coordinated flight in Vmc conditions. He also talks about altitude considerations during Vmc demonstrations.

The discussion then turns to the FAA’s guidelines for the Vmc demonstration during commercial check rides, examining the specific setup and recovery procedures outlined in the ACS. He also mentions a potential contradiction in other FAA publications, such as the Practical Test Standards for multi-engine instructors, and the importance of understanding these nuances.

Seth also raises concerns about the inherent risks associated with Vmc demonstrations and suggests potential improvements to the current practices. He proposes an alternative method that involves holding the ailerons neutral, using full rudder deflection, and avoiding the five degrees of bank specified in the certification criteria. This alternative method aims to increase safety by reducing the likelihood of spins and providing a more realistic experience of loss of directional control.

The interview concludes with a discussion on the impact of passenger weight on the aircraft’s center of gravity during Vmc demonstrations and highlights the need for careful considerations to enhance safety in these maneuvers.

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Incorrect Altitude Readback Leads To Near CFIT Incident
Flying Tiger Line Flight 66 Crash
Max’s Interview on Dr. Scott Dennstaedt YouTube channel

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312 How ATC Heroes Guided a Cincinnati Piper Pilot to Safety + GA News

On the afternoon of Wednesday, 7 Dec, 2022. The Cincinnati, Ohio area had been IMC all day and a single engine aircraft, based at Hogan Field (KHAO) near Cincinnati was flying instrument approaches in IMC conditions with the help of Cincinnati Approach.

The aircraft departed Hogan field, located under the northern portion of the Cincinnati Class Bravo, and its first two instrument approaches went relatively well. It flew to the southeast at 4000 feet, and was given vectors to the RNAV (GPS) 3 Right approach @ KLUK, which is Lunken Field. After flying a low approach to minimums, it flew north to fly the RNAV (GPS) runway 01 @ I68, which is the Warren country airport.

The aircraft again flew a low approach to minimums and departed to the south, with a plan to fly the RNAV (GPS) 29 back into Hogan Field. To do that, Cincinnati Approach issued a series of vectors, and ultimately told the aircraft to fly a heading of 260 and join the runway 29 approach course.

Later the controller said “You appear to be kind of all over the place.” Subsequently, the controller declared an emergency for the pilot. The pilot was unable to fly the next instrument approach, so the controller ended up talking him down through the clouds.

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C150 Pilot Injured in Single-Engine Airplane Crash at Venango Regional Airport

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311 Flying IFR in and out of Airports with no Instrument Approaches + GA News

Max talks with Mark Kolber about Flying IFR in and out of Airports with no Instrument Approaches. Mark Kolber traces his expertise in aviation law to his background as a trial lawyer and a CFI. He emphasizes the importance of understanding rules, regulations, and procedures in IFR, highlighting that a significant portion of IFR involves adherence to regulations due to the potential impact on others.

The conversation delves into a specific scenario where a listener reports a Homeowners Association (HOA) planning to ban IFR departures from Sea Ranch, which is a private airport in Northern California. Mark clarifies that there is no regulatory prohibition for Part 91 pilots from taking off IFR from an airport without instrument approaches. He emphasizes that such departures are legal, citing examples of airports where IFR takeoffs occur regularly.

The discussion expands to explore the safety considerations associated with IFR departures in IMC from airports without instrument approaches. Mark references regulations like 91.175, which provides guidelines for IFR takeoff and landing, specifying stricter rules for landings compared to departures.

The conversation touches on the distinction between Part 91 and Part 135 operations. Mark explains that Part 135 imposes a direct prohibition on IFR operations from airports without approved standard instrument approach procedures. He highlights the role of Operational Specifications (OPSPEC) in allowing deviations from certain regulations for Part 135 operators.

Mark delves into the FAA’s assessment of airports, particularly the evaluation of obstacle departure procedures (ODP) and how they contribute to safe departures. He explains the purpose of ODPs and the FAA’s meticulous assessment process, emphasizing that private airports without instrument approaches lack such evaluations.

The podcast explores the concept of creating one’s own ODP for airports lacking official assessments. Mark suggests relying on Electronic Flight Bags (EFB) with FAA databases, incorporating local knowledge, and assessing terrain and obstacles using available tools.

Mark clarifies that Part 91 pilots have the discretion to fly or not fly ODPs unless specifically assigned by ATC. For Part 135 pilots, adherence to ODPs is mandatory unless certain exceptions apply. The conversation briefly touches on filing IFR to private airports not in the FAA’s database. Mark recommends using identifiers if available and provides insights into filing to and from using lat-long coordinates. In summary, the interview provides a comprehensive overview of IFR regulations, safety considerations, and the nuances surrounding departures and arrivals at airports without instrument approaches. The discussion is enriched by Mark Kolber’s legal and aviation expertise, offering valuable insights for both pilots and aviation enthusiasts.

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Mentioned on the Show
Engine Power-Loss Accident Prevention and Trend Monitoring
FAA AC 20-105C

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